Lead, Pb

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Lead, Pb
Categories:	Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Lead Alloy; Pure Element
Material Notes:	Lead is a soft, dense, ductile metal. Pure (utility) lead is used in lead-acid batteries (automobile batteries and related), ammunition and armor, counterweights, ballast, inertial components, sound insulation, and radiation shielding. Lead is a toxic element and precautions are needed to minimize human exposure.
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Physical Properties	Original Value	Comments

Density	10.22 g/cc @Temperature 800 °C	liquid
	10.37 g/cc @Temperature 600 °C	liquid
	10.6 g/cc @Temperature 400 °C	liquid
	10.7 g/cc @Temperature 325 °C	liquid
	11.0 g/cc @Temperature 300 °C
	11.15 g/cc @Temperature 200 °C
	11.35 g/cc @Temperature 25.0 °C
Viscosity	56500 cP @Temperature 390 °C
Vapor Pressure	0.001013 bar @Temperature 957 °C
	0.01013 bar @Temperature 1140 °C
	0.1013 bar @Temperature 1389 °C
	1.013 bar @Temperature 1750 °C
Surface Tension	439 dynes/cm @Temperature 390 °C

Chemical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Atomic Mass	207.2	1995
Atomic Number	82
Thermal Neutron Cross Section	0.17 barns/atom
X-ray Absorption Edge	0.14077 Å	K
	0.78153 Å	L_I
	0.81552 Å	L_II
	0.95112 Å	L_III
Electrode Potential	-0.126 V
Electronegativity	1.8	Pauling
Ionic Radius	0.840 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence +4
	1.20 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence +2
Electrochemical Equivalent	3.858 g/A/h

Mechanical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Hardness, Brinell	4.2	Cast
Hardness, Vickers	5.0
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	18.0 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity	14.0 GPa
Poissons Ratio	0.42
Shear Modulus	4.90 GPa	calculated

Electrical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.000020643 ohm-cm @Temperature 20.0 °C
	0.000027021 ohm-cm @Temperature 100 °C
	0.000036378 ohm-cm @Temperature 200 °C
	0.000047938 ohm-cm @Temperature 300 °C	solid
	0.000097867 ohm-cm @Temperature 340 °C	liquid
	0.000101 ohm-cm @Temperature 400 °C	liquid
Magnetic Susceptibility	-1.20e-7	cgs/g
Critical Magnetic Field Strength, Oersted	802 - 804
Critical Superconducting Temperature	7.19 - 7.202 K	3.55 K at 16.0 GPa pressure for Pb II

Thermal Properties	Original Value	Comments
Heat of Fusion	24.1 J/g
Heat of Vaporization	850 J/g
	866.3 J/g	At Boiling Point
CTE, linear	29.1 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 - 100 °C
Specific Heat Capacity	0.1004 J/g-°C	Gas
	0.1287 J/g-°C @Temperature 25.0 °C
	0.132 J/g-°C @Temperature 127 °C
	0.1368 J/g-°C @Temperature 227 °C
	0.139 J/g-°C @Temperature 827 °C	liquid
	0.1404 J/g-°C @Temperature 727 °C	liquid
	0.1421 J/g-°C @Temperature 327.4 °C	solid
	0.1433 J/g-°C @Temperature 627 °C	liquid
	0.1449 J/g-°C @Temperature 527 °C	liquid
	0.1465 J/g-°C @Temperature 427 °C	liquid
	0.1479 J/g-°C @Temperature 327.4 °C	liquid
Thermal Conductivity	33.0 W/m-K
Melting Point	327.5 °C
Boiling Point	1749 °C
Heat of Formation	0.000 kJ/mol	Crystal
	195.2 kJ/mol	Gas

Optical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Emissivity (0-1)	0.050 @Temperature 200 °C	Oxidized; total spectrum
	0.63 @Temperature 200 °C	Unoxidized total spectrum
Reflection Coefficient, Visible (0-1)	0.62	589 nm

Component Elements Properties	Original Value	Comments
Lead, Pb	100 %

Descriptive Properties
CAS Number	7439-92-1
Solubility	Soluble in concentrated Acid

References for this datasheet.

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